Definition

Collective agreement

A collective agreement is the contract between an employer and a union covering unionised employees. Labour legislation across Canada generally provides that where a business is sold as a going concern, the collective agreement and the union’s bargaining rights bind the buyer — in an asset sale as well as a share sale.

Reviewed

Buyers sometimes assume an asset purchase lets them start fresh with the workforce. Successor-rights provisions in labour legislation are designed specifically to prevent that: the bargaining relationship attaches to the business, not to the corporate entity that happens to own it.

What to examine in diligence

  • The full agreement and its expiry date — a bargaining round shortly after closing changes the risk
  • Wage grids, benefits and pension obligations, including any pension solvency position
  • Outstanding grievances and arbitration awards, which follow the business
  • Contracting-out and technological-change clauses, which can constrain the buyer’s plans
  • Seniority provisions, which limit how the workforce can be restructured

Sources

This definition is checked against primary sources. Links were last confirmed on the dates shown.

  1. 01
    Canada Revenue AgencyGovernment
    Selling a business
    canada.ca·Checked Aug 14, 2026
  2. 02
    Treadstone LawLegal commentary
    Does a Collective Agreement Survive a Business Sale in Ontario?
    treadstonelaw.ca·Checked Aug 14, 2026
  3. 03
    Treadstone LawLegal commentary
    Buying a Business with a Unionized Workforce in Ontario
    treadstonelaw.ca·Checked Aug 14, 2026
  4. 04
    Treadstone LawLegal commentary
    Employment Due Diligence Red Flags Before Buying an Ontario Business
    treadstonelaw.ca·Checked Aug 14, 2026

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